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Use Cases Provider Discovery

Provider Discovery

Overview

Provider discovery is a foundational capability in the patient scheduling workflow. Patients and caregivers must be able to identify appropriate healthcare providers based on a combination of clinical, logistical, and personal constraints before scheduling an appointment.

This use case describes provider discovery as a composite capability made up of multiple discovery dimensions. These dimensions may be implemented independently and combined as needed by scheduling and directory systems.


Actors and context

Primary actors

  • Patient
  • Caregiver

Supporting systems

  • Provider directory
  • Scheduling system
  • Payer or network directory
  • Care coordination or referral system

Provider discovery typically occurs before appointment booking, but may also be revisited during care coordination, referrals, or re-scheduling workflows.


Discovery dimensions

Provider discovery may involve one or more of the following dimensions:

  • Clinical specialty or service
  • Location and proximity
  • Language and accessibility needs
  • Insurance participation
  • Appointment availability
  • Ranking, sorting, and presentation of results

Each dimension below represents a distinct sub-use case with its own data, interaction, and profiling considerations.


Specialty and service filtering

Patients often begin provider discovery by searching for providers based on a desired clinical specialty or healthcare service.

User intent

  • Find providers capable of delivering a specific clinical service
  • Restrict results to relevant specialties or subspecialties

FHIR resources involved

  • Practitioner
  • PractitionerRole
  • HealthcareService
  • Organization

Key considerations

  • Specialties may be represented at varying levels of granularity
  • Providers may offer different services at different locations
  • Specialty coding systems may vary across implementations

Profiling implications

  • PractitionerRole.specialty must be consistently populated
  • Clear terminology expectations are required for specialty and service codes

Location and proximity

Patients often need to discover providers based on geographic proximity or care setting.

User intent

  • Find providers near a specific address or region
  • Restrict results to in-person or virtual care settings

FHIR resources involved

  • Location
  • PractitionerRole
  • Organization

Key considerations

  • Locations may represent physical sites or virtual endpoints
  • Proximity calculations are typically performed outside FHIR
  • Providers may practice at multiple locations

Profiling implications

  • Location.address should be populated with sufficient granularity
  • Clear linkage between PractitionerRole and Location is required

Language and accessibility

Patients and caregivers may require providers who meet specific communication or accessibility needs.

User intent

  • Find providers who speak a preferred language
  • Identify providers offering accessibility accommodations

FHIR resources involved

  • Practitioner
  • PractitionerRole
  • HealthcareService

Key considerations

  • Language preferences may apply to individual providers or care teams
  • Accessibility attributes may be inconsistently captured today

Profiling implications

  • Practitioner.communication should be supported
  • Guidance is needed for representing accessibility features

Insurance participation

Determining whether a provider accepts a patient’s insurance is a critical step in provider discovery.

User intent

  • Identify providers who participate in a specific plan or network
  • Avoid discovering providers who are out-of-network

FHIR resources involved

  • InsurancePlan
  • Organization
  • OrganizationAffiliation
  • PractitionerRole

Key considerations

  • Insurance participation data may be incomplete or out of date
  • Acceptance may vary by location, service, or provider role
  • Network relationships are often complex

Profiling implications

  • Clear modeling guidance is needed for insurance acceptance
  • Consistent identifiers for plans and networks are essential

Availability and scheduling

Patients may prioritize providers based on near-term appointment availability rather than provider attributes alone.

User intent

  • Find the earliest available appointment
  • Restrict availability to specific date or time windows

FHIR resources involved

  • Schedule
  • Slot
  • PractitionerRole
  • Location

Key considerations

  • Schedules may be published at different levels of detail
  • Slot availability may be generated dynamically
  • Availability may differ by service or location

Profiling implications

  • Slot.start, Slot.end, and Slot.status must be supported
  • Consistent relationships between schedules, roles, and locations are required

Ranking and presentation

Once providers are discovered, results are often ranked or filtered to support decision-making.

User intent

  • Sort providers by distance, availability, or other criteria
  • View summarized provider information for comparison

FHIR resources involved

  • Practitioner
  • PractitionerRole
  • Location
  • HealthcareService

Key considerations

  • Ranking logic is typically application-specific
  • FHIR primarily supports data retrieval, not scoring

Profiling implications

  • Profiles should support efficient querying and aggregation
  • Display-oriented fields should be consistently populated

Summary

Provider discovery is a multi-dimensional capability that underpins effective patient scheduling. This IG treats provider discovery as a composite use case composed of interoperable sub-use cases, each with distinct modeling and profiling requirements.

Subsequent sections of this IG will reference these discovery dimensions when defining FHIR profiles, terminology expectations, and interaction patterns.